The Resume Store

Most job-seekers know how to submit a resume and interview for a job but applicants are sometimes surprised – and even confused – by the additional requirement to submit narrative “KSA” statements when applying for a Federal job. This guide tries to de-mystify the KSA process for applicants who seek employment at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). While much of this information may be helpful in applying for jobs at other Federal agencies, it is important to note that application requirements and procedures vary across Federal agencies. Be sure to review the job announcement carefully for specific information on how to apply. What are KSAs? KSAs are the job-related Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics that an applicant must have to perform successfully in the position. KSAs typically fall into two major categories – technical and behavioral. Technical KSAs measure acquired knowledge and “hard” technical skills, e.g., knowledge of accounting principles or the ability to create and manage Microsoft Access databases. Behavioral KSAs measure “soft” skills – the attitudes and approaches applicants take to their work, such as the ability to collaborate on team projects or the ability to communicate orally with a broad range of individuals. Both types of KSAs are important for successful job performance and may be featured in our job announcements. Where are KSAs listed in the job announcement? KSAs are listed in the “Qualifications and Evaluation” section of the job announcement. A typical job announcement contains three to five KSAs. You will be asked to respond to each KSA in writing –no more than one page per KSA (see “How to Write Responses to the KSAs” below). How important is it to address the KSAs? It is very important! In fact, for jobs at GS-5 and above, a narrative response for each of the KSAs is mandatory. If you don’t provide this information, your application will not be considered. Although KSA narratives are usually optional for positions at GS-4 and below, by submitting them, you will ensure that we have adequate information about your background and how it fits the position requirements.